Oceanography
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ACROSS
2. The horizontal distance from one wave crest to the next
5. Lowest point of a wave
7. ____ vent - a hole in the seafloor through which super-heated fluid (not magma) erupts.
9. ____ current - flow of water directly away from the shoreline.
14. Continental ____ - the shallowest part of the continental margin extending seaward from the shore.
15. Undersea volcanic mountains.
17. Large, closed, circular surface current systems.
20. ____ tide - occurs during a first-quarter and third-quarter moon.
21. Vertical movement of nutrient-rich ocean water
24. Technique that directs sound waves toward the ocean floor to map its topographic features.
25. Deep sea ____ - deepest parts of the ocean basins.
27. Wave ____ - the depth to which a wave disturbs the water.
30. Periodic rise and fall of sea level
32. Transitional layer of the ocean characterized by rapidly decreasing temperatures with depth
34. Continental ____ - beyond the continental shelf, where the seafloor drops away quickly to a depth of several kilometers.
35. Continental ____ - submerged parts of the continents. Includes the shelf, slope, and rise.
36. Wave ____ - the vertical distance between a wave's crest and trough.
37. Manganese ____ - Metal sediments that have precipitated directly from seawater onto the ocean floor.
 DOWN
1. Collapsing waves. Formed by the action of friction between the wave and the ocean bottom.
3. ____ current - rapidly flowing water currents along the bottom of the sea tat carry heavy loads of sediment.
4. Scientific study of Earth’s oceans.
6. Tidal ____ - the difference between the levels of high and low tide.
8. Basic force that causes tides.
9. Continental ____ - gently sloping accumulation of sediment at the base of the continental slope.
10. Temperature ____ - set of data that plots changing water temperature with depth.
11. ____ plain - the smooth part of the ocean floor at 5 or 6 km below sea level.
12. A large, extinct, basaltic volcano with a flat, submerged top.
13. Measure of the amount of dissolved salts in seawater.
16. The bending of wave crests as they reach shallow water.
18. ____ current - caused by wind
19. The mechanism by which water deep within Earth’s interior is brought to the surface
22. Rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter
23. ____ currents - a flow of water parallel to the shoreline.
26. Wall built to protect a harbor entrance from sand drifting along the longshore current.
28. Highest point of a wave.
29. Wall-like structure built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline.
31. ____ currents - flow of deep ocean water caused by salinity or temperature differences.
33. Submarine ____ - formed by erosion due to turbidity currents along the continental slope.